TEXT QUESTIONS :
1. Write in your own words two or more sentences of what you understand by the word ‘marginalization’ .
Ans: Marginalization is linked with experiencing disadvantage, prejudice and powerlessness. It results in having less status and also unequal access to education and other resources .
2. List two reasons why Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalized .
Ans:
i) Adivasis have lost their their land and access to the forests. Due to this they have lost their main sources of livelihood and food .
ii) Many Adivasis have migrated to cities in search of job where they are employed for very low wages in local industries or at building or construction sites .
3. Write one reason why you think the Constitution’s safeguards to protect minority communities are very important ?
Ans: The constitution safeguards, protects minority communities is very important because constitution is the supreme book of law and regulations. It safeguards to religious, ethnic and linguistic minorities as a part of our fundamental rights from any citizen. The courts are the custodians to protect the fundamental rights .
4. Re-read the section on minorities and Marginalization.What do you understand by the term minority ?
Ans: The term minority is most commonly used to refer to those communities that are numerically, small in relation to the rest of the population . It also encompasses issues relating to status, use of resources and other social and cultural dimensions .
5. You are participating in a debate where you have to provide reasons to support the following statement: ‘Muslims are a marginalized community’. Using the data provided in this chapter, list two reasons that you would give .
Ans: The statement can be proved using following facts :
i) Only 30% of Muslims have access to electricity while 43.2% of Hindu has access to electricity.
ii) 63.6% of Muslims lives in Kutcha houses. On the other hand 55.2% of the Hindus live in kutcha houses .
iii) Only 19.4% of Muslims have access to piped water rather 25.3% of Hindus have access to piped water .
iv) In study related to literacy rates, Muslim group has low literacy rate .
6. Imagine that you are watching the Republic Day parade on TV with a friend and she remarks, “look at these tribal’s . They look so exotic . And they seem to be dancing all the time . “List three things that you would tell her about the lives of Adivasis in India .
Ans:
i) Adivasis are not exotic at all. In fact, they are the original inhabitants of our country .
ii) Adivasis often live in close association with forests .
iii) There are about 500 different Adivasis groups in our country .
iv) They are particularly spread in states like Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Gujarat, West Bengal,etc and in the north-eastern states of Arunanchal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Tripura ,etc.
v) Adivasis are different from communities organised by the principles of Jati-varna (caste) or those who are ruled by kings .
7. In the storyboard you read about how Helen hopes to make a movie on the Adivasi History . Can you help her by developing a short story on Adivasi ?
Ans:
i) Adivasis are forced to move in very large areas of India. They decide to form an association . They approach the district authority, state government and lastly the central government .
ii) Under the association Adivasis demand three things forest, water and livelihood. After a long struggle the Human rights commission comes forward and their demand are accepted. They are handed over fairly large forests land supply of water and they are given employment in companies .
8. Would you agree with the statement that economic and social marginalization are interlinked ? Why ?
Ans: Yes, economic and social marginalization’s are interlinked :
i) Without a proper economic support no person can construct a concrete house for himself or herself .
ii) Without money power it is difficult to get other facilities like electricity, electric gadgets , water facilities , etc .
iii) Without proper economic condition it is difficult for a marginalized community or any marginalized group to enhance education, professional training and hold highest posts in government departments .