6.2 TEXT QUESTIONS :
1. Multiple choice questions :
i) Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material .
a) Aluminium
b) Cement
c) Plastic
d) Automobile
ii) Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants ?
a) HAIL
b) SAIL
c) TATA Steel
d) MNCC
iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material ?
a) Aluminium Smelting
b) Cement
c) Paper
d) Steel
iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones , computers , etc .
a) Steel
b) Electronic
c) Aluminium Smelting
d) Information Technology .
Ans: i) b ii) b iii) a iv) b .
2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words :
i) What is manufacturing ?
Ans: The production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing .
ii) Name any three physical factors for the location of the industry .
Ans:
i) Availability of raw material .
ii) Climate .
iii) Abundant supply from natural resources (rivers) .
iv) Accessible port facilities .
iii) Name any three human factors for the location of an industry .
Ans:
i) Labour
ii) Transport
iii) Capital .
iv) What are basic industries ? Give an example .
Ans: Basic industries supply their products or raw materials to other industries to manufacture other goods . E.g., iron and steel , copper smelting , aluminium smelting .
v) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement ?
Ans: Raw materials used for manufacturing of cement :
i) Limestone ii) Silica
iii) Alumina iv) Gypsum .
3. Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words :
i) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants ? What problems does the industry face ? What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity ?
Ans: Integrated steel plants are large and handle everything in one complex from putting together raw material to steel making , rolling and shaping . Mini steel plants are smaller , have electric furnaces , use steel scrap and sponge iron . They have re-rollers that use steel ingots as well . They produce mild and alloy steel of given specifications .
Problems of steel industry :
a) High costs and limited availability of cooking coal .
b) Lower productivity of labour .
c) Irregular supply of energy .
d) Poor infrastructure .
Recent developments which have led to rise in the production capacity :
a) Liberalisation .
b) Foreign Direct Investment with the efforts of private entrepreneurs .
ii) How do industries pollute the environment ?
Ans: Industries are responsible for four types of pollution :
a) Air
b) Water
c) Land
d) Noise
a) Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases , such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide .
b) Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents discharged into rivers .
c) Dumping of wastes specially glass , harmful chemicals , industrial effluents , packaging , salts and garbage renders the soil useless .
d) Noise pollution is caused due to industrial and construction activities , machinery , factory equipment’s , generators, saws and electric drills .
iii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry
Ans:
a) Harvesting of rain water to meet water requirements .
b) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds .
c) Smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal in factories .
d) Machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise .
ACTIVITY
Give one word for each of the following with regard to industry . The number of letters in each word are hinted in brackets .
| (i) Used to drive machinery | (5) P………………. |
| (ii) People who work in a factory | (6) W……………… |
| (iii) Where the product is sold | (6) M……………… |
| (iv) A person who sells goods | (8) R………………. |
| (v) Thing produced | (7) P……………….. |
| (vi) To make or produce | (11) M……………… |
| (vii) Land , Water and Air degraded | (9) P………………. |
Ans:
(i) Power (ii) Worker (iii) Market (iv) Retailer (v) Product (vi) Manufacture (vii) Pollution
PROJECT WORK:
Select one agro-based and one mineral-based industry in your area .
i) What are the raw materials they use ?
ii) What are the other inputs in the process of manufacturing that involve transportation cost ?
iii) Are these factories following environmental norms ?
ACTIVITY
Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers .
1. Textiles , sugar , vegetable oil and plantation industries deriving raw materials from agriculture are called ……………
2. The basic raw material for sugar industry .
3. This fibre is also known as the ‘Golden Fibre’ .
4. Iron-ore , coking coal , and limestone are the chief raw materials of this industry .
5. A public sector steel plant located in Chhattisgarh .
6. Railway diesel engines are manufactured in Uttar Pradesh at this place .
Ans:
1. AGRO BASED 2. SUGARCANE 3. JUTE
4. IRON STEEL 5. BHILAI 6. VARANASI .