Chapter 5. Consumer Rights

Consumer: Why Consumer Movements? * Rules and regulations are required to protect people who are in a weak position. * Consumers also need to be protected. * Individual consumers are often scattered and not united, which makes them easy targets for exploitation. * Shopkeepers refuse to take back defective goods once they are sold. Consumers ... Read more

Chapter 3. Federalism

Definition and Modern Forms of Money * In early times, people simply exchanged one commodity for another depending on their requirement under the barter system. * The exchange of things in the barter system required double coincidence of wants. * Money eliminates the need for double coincidence of wants. * Since money enables the exchange ... Read more

Chapter 2. Sectors of The Indian Economy

Introduction – Sectors of the Indian Economy * All the activities that involve the production and distribution of products and services are called economic activities. Economic activities in India are classified into three different sectors:    *  Primary sector    *  Secondary sector and    *  Tertiary sector * The primary sector includes activities that ... Read more

Chapter 1. Development

Income and Other Goals * Most people have higher income as a developmental goal. * Non-measurable developmental goals like respect, security and equality are more important than income when it comes to working women and encouraging more women to work. * People always want development. Development is about:    *  Setting a goal for development ... Read more

Chapter 7. Challenges to Democracy

Challenges and Reforms to Democracy * There are three types of challenges faced by democratic countries foundation, challenge of expansion, and deepening of democracy. * Foundation challenges are meant for the non-democratic countries of the world. * Challenge of expansion id faced by most of the established democracies like India and the United States of ... Read more

Chapter 6. Outcomes of Democracy

How do we Access Democracy outcomes? Democracy is preferred over dictatorship because it:    * Promotes equality over dictatorship because it    * Enhances the dignity of the individual    *  Improves the quality of decision- making    *  Provides a method to resolve conflicts    *  Allow room to correct mistakes * Democracy is ... Read more

Chapters 5. Political Parties

Political Parties: An Introduction * Parties are necessary to represent the people of a country. * They help to conduct elections and aid in organized functioning of the legislature. * Political parties reflect political divisions in a society and so they involve partisanship. * A political party has three components: The leaders, the active members ... Read more