Civics

Chapter 6. Democratic Rights

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Life without Rights - Prison in Guantanamo Bay Citizen’s Rights in Saudi Arabia and Ethnic Massacre in Kosovo * A government fails to be a democracy if the people don’t enjoy any rights. * Post 9/11, the US defence forces captured 600 people from all over the world and held them as prisoners in the ... Read more

Chapter 5. Working of Institutions

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Working of Institutions - Major Policy Decisions * There are three important institutions involved in major decisions, the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. * The legislature makes the laws, the executive implements them, and the judiciary resolves any disputes that may arise out of major policy decisions. * Based on the Mandal Commission recommendations, ... Read more

Chapter 4. Electoral Politics

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Importance of Democratic Elections and Political Competition * Devi Lal led the Nyaya Yudh movement and was the leader of the Lok Dal party in Haryana. * Devi Lal won the state election against the ruling Congress party with the clear majority because of his promise to waive the outstanding loans of all farmers and ... Read more

Chapter 3. Constitutional Design

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Case Study- Democratic Constitutional in South Africa * Prior to 1994, the South African government followed a system of apartheid. * Apartheid discriminated against people on the basis of their skin colour. * This system was oppressive towards all non- whites. * Nelson Mandela, the leader of the African National Congress, fought against the white ... Read more