1.3 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS :
Answer the following questions :
1. Why do different persons have different ideas of development?
Ans: The life conditions of different persons are different; hence different persons have different nations of development.
2. What is meant by Per Capita Income?
Ans: Per Capita Income is the average income of a country. It is obtained by dividing the total income of a country by its total population .It is also called ‘Average Income of a Country’.
3. Which countries are called the Rich countries of the world?
Ans: Countries with per income Rs. 4, 53,000 and more per annum are called the Rich countries of the world.
4. Which countries are called the low- income countries?
Ans: : Countries with per capita income of Rs. 37,000 or less per annum are called the Low – income countries of the world.
5. Which countries are called ‘Developed countries’ ?
Ans: Rich countries excluding the countries of the middle East and certain small country are called ‘Developed countries’.
6. Why does Kerala have low infant mortality rate?
Ans: Kerala has adequate provision of basic health and education facilities.
7. Why is infant mortality rate high in Bihar?
Ans: There is lack of education and health facilities in Bihar.
8. How does development improve the status of women?
Ans:
i) The dignity of women in the household and society increases.
ii) Respect for women increases leading to more sharing of household work.
iii) Women become financially self-reliant and independent.
9. Write any two characteristics of ‘development’.
Ans:
i) Different persons can have different goals.
ii) The development for one person may not be development for another person.
iii) The notion of development can even be different for different persons.
10. “Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well”. Explain with two points.
Ans:
i) Money cannot buy you a pollution free environment.
ii) Money may not be able to protect you from infectious diseases.
11. Why is it said that different persons can have different development goals?
Ans:
i) What may be development for one may not be development for the other.
ii) It may even be destructive for the other .
12. ‘Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that may need to live well’ . Explain why ?
Ans:
i) Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use .
ii) For example : your money cannot buy a pollution -free environment or ensure you that you get unadulterated medicines , unless you can afford to shift to a community that already has all these things .
iii) Money may also not protect you from diseases and infections , even money cannot buy the happiness , as it comes naturally .
iv) Money doesn’t take your depression , your sadness and so on , that is why money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services which you need in your day to day life .
13. Why Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate ?
Ans: Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities .
14. What is the most important attributes for comparing countries ?
Ans: Income is the most important attribute for comparing the development of the countries .
15. Study the following table showing the birth rate , death rate and infant mortality rate of the different States of India for the year 2010 and answer the questions given below :
| States | Birth rate (per 1000) | Death rate (per 1000) | Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000) |
| Maharashtra | 17.1 | 6.5 | 28 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 27.3 | 8.5 | 62 |
| Kerala | 14.8 | 7.0 | 13 |
| Goa | 13.2 | 6.6 | 10 |
i) Which State of India has the highest infant mortality rate ?
ii) What is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate of Goa ?
Ans:
i) Madhya Pradesh
ii) 6.6
16. Why is the level of ground water declining in certain parts of India ?
Ans: The level of ground water declining in certain parts of India because people use more water than what is replenished by the rain .
17. ‘Total income is not a useful measure for comparison between the countries’ . Why ?
Ans:
i) Different countries have different population .
ii) Hence comparing them on the bases of their total income will not tell us about their per capita income .
18. When is ground water said to be overused ?
Ans:
i) Ground water is a renewable resource and it is regularly replenished by nature .
ii) If people use more than what is being replenished by rain , then it is said to be overused .
19. What are non-renewable resources ?
Ans: Resources which get exhausted after years of use are called non-renewable resources .
20. Why is income considered to be the most important attribute of development ?
Ans: People considered whatever they like and should have with greater income , therefore income is considered to be the most important attribute of development .
21. Why is total income of the countries not a useful measure for comparing the development of different countries ?
Ans: As different countries have different populations , comparing total income does not tell us what an average person is likely to earn .
22. ‘All people do not have the same notion of development’ . Explain why giving an example .
Ans:
i) Each person seeks different things which are most important to him and which can fulfill his aspirations or desires .
ii) At times , two persons may seek two different things which are conflicting with one another .
iii) Example : Industrialists want more dams to get uninterrupted supply of electricity for their industrial units . But this may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced . E.g : the tribal people .