Chapter 4. Agriculture

Types of Farming Systems of farming practiced in India are:    *  Primitive subsistence farming    *  intensive subsistence farming    *  Commercial farming Primitive subsistence farming:    *  Slash-and-burn agriculture or Shifting cultivation Intensive subsistence farming    *  Practiced in densely populated areas    *  Every available piece of land is used to get ... Read more

Chapter 8. Novels, Society and History

Rise of the Novel * The wide circulation of printed copies and circulating libraries made the novel a popular genre. * The first novels were written in the 17th century but novel writing blossomed in the 18th century. * The aristocrats, gentlemanly class and the upcoming lower middle class became the first readers of novels ... Read more

Chapter 7. Print Culture and the Modern World

The Advent of Print Technology * Hand printed technology was first developed in China, Japan and Korea. * In AD 868, the Japanese printed their first book – Diamond Sutra. * In Japan, Kitagawa Utamaro introduced an interesting art form called Ukiyo. * In the thirteenth century, the hand-printing technology was introduced in Europe via ... Read more

Chapter 6. Work, Life and Leisure

The City of London * After the Industrial revolution, London’s population increased fourfold. * The city gradually underwent urbanisation. * People sought work in the London dockyard, and in other industries. * The growing population of London caused concern for the police, philanthropists and Industrialists, * London faced a severe housing shortage and migrant workers ... Read more

Chapter 5. The Age of Industrialisation

Before the Industrial Revolution * The early industrialization phase was also known as proto industrialization. * In proto industrial times, most workers worked from their homes and not in factories. * The invention of the cloth mill by Richard Arkwright brought about a revolution in cloth production. * Even at the end of the 19th ... Read more