Class 10th CBSE

Chapter 4. Carbon and its Compounds

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Forms of Carbon * Carbon is the sixth most abundant element in the universe. * In the free state, carbon occurs as diamond, graphite, fullerene and coal. * In the combined state, carbon can be in the form of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, petroleum, vegetable oils, lime stone, magnetite, dolomite and calamine. * Allotropy is ... Read more

Chapter 3. Metals and Non-metals

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Metals and Non-metals * Metals are elements that have a tendency to lose electrons and form positively charged ions or cations. * Elements that have a tendency to accept electrons to form negatively charged ions or anions are called non-metals. * Metals are placed on the extreme left in the periodic table, while non-metals are ... Read more

Chapter 2. Acids, Bases and Salts

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Acids * Any substance that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water is an acid. * Acids obtained from food like curd, lemons, grapes, raw mango, citrus fruits and gooseberry are called organic acids. * Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and nitric acid are called inorganic or mineral acids. Acids have the following physical properties:   ... Read more

Probability 15

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A Theoretical Approach * Experimental probability is based on the observations of an experiment. * Experimental probability gets closer to the theoretical probability as the number of observations increases. * Theoretical probability of an event E, P(E) = \frac{Number \thinspace \thinspace of \thinspace \thinspace outcomes \thinspace\thinspace \thinspace favourable \thinspace \thinspace to \thinspace \thinspace E}{Total \thinspace ... Read more

Statistics 14

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Mean of Grouped Data Mean of given set of data is given by the sum of values of all the given observations divided by the number of observations. The three ways of finding the mean of grouped data are: * Direct Method * Assumed Mean Method * Step-Deviation Method Class Mark ( X_{i} ) = \frac{( upper ... Read more

Surface Areas and Volumes 13

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Surface Areas and Volumes of Combinations of Solids * Complex solid shapes are composed of fundamental solid shapes. * By summing the surface areas of the simpler shapes that compose a complex shape, you can calculate a area of a complex shape. * By summing the volumes of the simpler shapes that compose a complex ... Read more