Class 10th ICSE

Chapter 1. Location, Extent and Physical Features

by
Formation * India has been formed over several geological periods. * According to the theory of Plate Tectonics, the earth’s crust was formed out of seven major and some minor plates. Tectonic plates are classified into:    *  Convergent boundary    *  Divergent boundary    *  Transform boundary * Gondwanaland originally consisted of Asia, Africa, ... Read more

Chapter 3. The Contemporary World

by
Nazism and the Rise of Hitler: An Introduction * Adolf Hitler was the leader of Germany from 1933 to 1945. * During Hitler’s government Germany was called Nazi Germany. * Nazi Germany followed a philosophy called Nazism, which promoted violent practices to restore German pride. * In 1939 Hitler attacked Poland to conquer more land ... Read more

Chapter 2. Mass Phase of the National Movement (1915 -1947)

by
The Nationalist Movement of India – An Introduction * Rise of nationalism in India was linked with opposition of colonialism. * The First World War created a new political and economic situation in India. * The Indian freedom movement geared up momentum once again with the coming of Mahatma Gandhi in 1915. Satyagraha – Ideals ... Read more

Chapter 1. Programmes and Achievements of the Moderates

by
The Nationalist Movement of India – An Introduction * Rise of nationalism in India was linked with opposition of colonialism. * The First World War created a new political and economic situation in India. * The Indian freedom movement geared up momentum once again with the coming of Mahatma Gandhi in 1915. Emergence of Nationalism ... Read more

Value added tax 1

by
Sales Tax and VAT Discount is a price reduction offered on the marked price. Discount= Marked price - Sale price. Sales tax is charged by the government on the selling price of an item and is included in the bill amount. Overhead charges are the expenses incurred after buying goods. Overhead charges have to be ... Read more

Chapter 17. Effects of Pollution

by
Air Pollution and Its Control * An undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air, water, land or soil that may have detrimental effects on living organisms is called pollution. * Substances that bring about such undesirable changes are called pollutants. * Common air pollutants are automobile exhausts, chemicals and toxic gases ... Read more

Chapter 16. Garage Disposal and Vermicomposting

by
Garbage In Garbage Out * A landfill is a large, low-lying area used for garbage disposal. * The useful components of garbage are fruits, vegetable waste, food remains, tea leaves, coffee grounds and paper. * The non - useful components of garbage are polythene bags, plastic and aluminium wrappers. * The government or the municipality ... Read more

Chapter 15. Pollutant

by
Air Pollution: Gaseous Pollutants * Pollution is the harmful effect on the environment that can prove fatal to all living organisms. * Pollutant can be solid, liquid or gaseous, and originate from human actions and natural sources. * Air pollution takes place in two different layers of the earth’s atmosphere- the troposphere and the stratosphere. ... Read more