Class 9th CBSE

Chapter 4. Food Security in India

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Introduction to Food Security * Food security exists when there is enough food available, accessible and affordable for all. * The problem of food security assumes larger proportions in natural disaster. * A natural calamity affecting a large area for a long duration of time leads to starvation and conditions of famine. Food Insecure Groups ... Read more

Chapter 3. Poverty as a Challenge

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Poverty – Introduction * Poverty is defined as the lack of common things like food, clothing, shelter, safe drinking water, medical care and education, which determine the quality of life. * The concept of social exclusion states that poor people have to live in poor surroundings excluded from neighborhoods of people who are better off. ... Read more

Chapter 2. People As Resource

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Overview * A large population is not always a liability. * Education, good medical care and training are the three investments that transform people into assets or resources. * The investment in education, training and healthcare of people is more than recovered by the higher productivity of the healthy, skilled workforce that it produces. Economics ... Read more

Chapter 1. The Story of Village Palampur

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Introduction * Palampur is an imaginary village that can be located in any part of India. * The residents of Palampur have good access to road connectivity, transport, education, electricity and healthcare services. * Farming is the main production activity in Palampur. * People in Palampur are also engaged in non-farming activities like shop-keeping, dairy, ... Read more

Chapter 6. Democratic Rights

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Life without Rights - Prison in Guantanamo Bay Citizen’s Rights in Saudi Arabia and Ethnic Massacre in Kosovo * A government fails to be a democracy if the people don’t enjoy any rights. * Post 9/11, the US defence forces captured 600 people from all over the world and held them as prisoners in the ... Read more

Chapter 5. Working of Institutions

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Working of Institutions - Major Policy Decisions * There are three important institutions involved in major decisions, the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. * The legislature makes the laws, the executive implements them, and the judiciary resolves any disputes that may arise out of major policy decisions. * Based on the Mandal Commission recommendations, ... Read more

Chapter 4. Electoral Politics

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Importance of Democratic Elections and Political Competition * Devi Lal led the Nyaya Yudh movement and was the leader of the Lok Dal party in Haryana. * Devi Lal won the state election against the ruling Congress party with the clear majority because of his promise to waive the outstanding loans of all farmers and ... Read more

Chapter 3. Constitutional Design

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Case Study- Democratic Constitutional in South Africa * Prior to 1994, the South African government followed a system of apartheid. * Apartheid discriminated against people on the basis of their skin colour. * This system was oppressive towards all non- whites. * Nelson Mandela, the leader of the African National Congress, fought against the white ... Read more