Class 9th CBSE

Sumptuary Laws of France * The sumptuary laws existed from 1294 to the time of the French Revolution in 1789. * It restricted people from wearing certain clothes and from consuming certain foods and beverages such as alcohol. * The French Revolution swept away the existing dress codes. * Later, both men and women wore ... Read more

Development of Cricket in England * Cricket developed in rural England out of several stick and ball games. * First laws of cricket were written in 1744. * The Marylebone Cricket revised the cricket laws and published them in 1788. * The cricketing equipment is still handmade using natural pre-industrial materials. * The hierarchies of ... Read more

Agriculture in England * The agriculture system changed in England in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. * Until the eighteenth century, the countryside of England was open. * The common land was open to all villagers, and was used for a variety of daily activities. * The rich landlords enclosed lands by drawing ... Read more

Movement of Pastoral Nomads * The nomads who live in the different terrains of India follow various seasonal movements to earn their livelihood. * There are different communities of nomadic pastoralists in India. * Nomadic pastoralists adjust their movement and activities according to the surrounding conditions to make a living. Colonial Rule and Pastoral Life ... Read more

Deforestation * Forests form an important part of our ecosystem and are beneficial to us in various ways. * Deforestation is the process of clearing of forests by removing trees through logging or burning. * Causes of deforestation are cultivation, timber for building ships, trains and railway line sleepers, plantations and the demand for fodder, ... Read more

Nazism and the Rise of Hitler: An Introduction * Adolf Hitler was the leader of Germany from 1933 to 1945. * During Hitler’s government Germany was called Nazi Germany. * Nazi Germany followed a philosophy called Nazism, which promoted violent practices to restore German pride. * In 1939 Hitler attacked Poland to conquer more land ... Read more

Factors Leading to Socialism in Europe * Liberals and radicals wanted change in the social structure. * Conservatives realized that change was inevitable, however wanted it to be a gradual process. * The industrial revolution led to the formation of new cities, industrial regions and the expansion of the railway. * The working conditions were ... Read more