Class 9th ICSE

Chapter 4. The Atmosphere

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Composition * The atmosphere is a layer of gases that envelopes the earth. * The atmosphere protects us from the harmful rays of the sun and provides us the air we breathe. * It regulates the earth’s temperature and makes life possible. * While nitrogen and oxygen make up the bulk of the atmosphere, it ... Read more

Chapter 1. Our World

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The Solar System * The solar system is made up of the sun, the eight planets and the other bodies like satellites, asteroids, meteoroids and comets. * Earth is a part of the solar system, which is a part of the Milky Wave galaxy (Akash Ganga). * The sun exerts a force on all the ... Read more

Chapter 7. The Modern Age in Europe

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Renaissance and Reformation * The Renaissance movement continued from the 14th to the 17th centuries in Europe. During this period a scientific and rational approach to thinking developed in Europe. There was great advancement in science and intellectual growth. * There arose a revolt against the tyranny of the priests and the Church which caused ... Read more

Chapter 6. Medieval India

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The Cholas * The Chola dynasty was in power from the latter half of the 9th century to beginning of the 13th century. * It is the best known for its splendid temples and bronze sculptures. * The temples were the nuclei of the settlements. * The empire was able to sustain its growth due ... Read more

Chapter 5. The Age of the Guptas

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The Gupta Period – A Golden Era in Indian History * India progressed significantly under the rule of Guptas. * The age of the Guptas is called the Golden Period. * Chandragupta I, Samudragupta and Chandragupta II are prominent rulers of the Gupta dynasty. * The Guptas had an efficient administrative system. * They were ... Read more

Chapter 4. The Mauryan Empire

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The Mauryan Empire * Chandragupta Maurya founded the Mauryan Empire – India’s first empire. * Chandragupta was succeeded by his son Bindusara, who, in turn, was succeeded by Ashoka. * The Mauryan Empire covered a vast region of Indi, hence Mauryan emperors often sought help their family members. * Mauryan emperors appointed officials for collecting ... Read more