Class 9th ICSE

Chapter 3. Jainism and Buddhism

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Reconstructing History A city’s history can be traced from any of the following sources:     *  Archaeological evidences like old coins, pottery and sculpture     *  Existing ancient monuments, ruins and inscriptions     *  Ancient literature and folklore     *  Travellers accounts

Chapter 2. The Vedic Period

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Oldest Books In The World * The Rig Veda, one of the oldest books in the world, was composed nearly 3,500 years ago. * The Rig Veda was written in Vedic Sanskrit. * The Rig Veda contains 1028 hymns that praise different gods and goddesses. * The Rig Veda also contains various hymns for cattle, ... Read more

Chapter 1. The Harappan Civilisation

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New Crafts * People living in the cities followed various activities like town planning, administration, arts and crafts. * Scribes had the knowledge of writing and helped in the preparation of seals. * Crafts persons used different stones and metals to crafts objects like ornaments and stone weights. Harappan Cities * Harappan was one of ... Read more

Rational and Irrational Numbers 1

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Rational and Irrational Numbers Real Numbers The collection of real numbers is the collection of all the rational numbers and irrational numbers together .  It is represented by R. A real number is either rational or irrational. A rational number p/q, where p and q are integers and q#0 can be expressed as its decimal ... Read more

Chapter 9. Internal Assessment of Practical Work

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Water Pollution * Sources of water pollution can be divide into two types – point sources and non – point sources. * Point sources are the easily identifiable sources of pollution, such as municipal and industrial discharge pipes. * Non – point sources are not easily identifiable such as agricultural off from farms, acid rain ... Read more

Chapter 8. Atmospheric Pollution

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Air Pollution: Gaseous Pollutants * Pollution is the harmful effect on the environment that can prove fatal to all living organisms. * Pollutants can be solid, liquid or gaseous, and originated from human actions and natural sources. * Air pollution takes place in two different layers of the earth’s atmosphere – the Atmospheric pollution * ... Read more

Chapter 7. Study of Gas Laws

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Gaseous State: Gas Laws * Volume, number of moles, pressure and temperature are the four interrelated properties that describe the behaviour gases. * Boyle’s Law describes the relationship between pressure and volume. It states that volume is inversely proportional to pressure at constant temperature and number of moles. * Charles’ Law describes the relationship between ... Read more