Chapter 3. Federalism

Definition and Modern Forms of Money * In early times, people simply exchanged one commodity for another depending on their requirement under the barter system. * The exchange of things in the barter system required double coincidence of wants. * Money eliminates the need for double coincidence of wants. * Since money enables the exchange ... Read more

Chapter 2. Sectors of The Indian Economy

Introduction – Sectors of the Indian Economy * All the activities that involve the production and distribution of products and services are called economic activities. Economic activities in India are classified into three different sectors:    *  Primary sector    *  Secondary sector and    *  Tertiary sector * The primary sector includes activities that ... Read more

Chapter 1. Development

Income and Other Goals * Most people have higher income as a developmental goal. * Non-measurable developmental goals like respect, security and equality are more important than income when it comes to working women and encouraging more women to work. * People always want development. Development is about:    *  Setting a goal for development ... Read more

Chapter 7. Challenges to Democracy

Challenges and Reforms to Democracy * There are three types of challenges faced by democratic countries foundation, challenge of expansion, and deepening of democracy. * Foundation challenges are meant for the non-democratic countries of the world. * Challenge of expansion id faced by most of the established democracies like India and the United States of ... Read more

Chapter 6. Outcomes of Democracy

How do we Access Democracy outcomes? Democracy is preferred over dictatorship because it:    * Promotes equality over dictatorship because it    * Enhances the dignity of the individual    *  Improves the quality of decision- making    *  Provides a method to resolve conflicts    *  Allow room to correct mistakes * Democracy is ... Read more

Chapters 5. Political Parties

Political Parties: An Introduction * Parties are necessary to represent the people of a country. * They help to conduct elections and aid in organized functioning of the legislature. * Political parties reflect political divisions in a society and so they involve partisanship. * A political party has three components: The leaders, the active members ... Read more

Chapter 4. Popular Struggles and Movements

Popular Struggles and Movements * Differences in a democracy need to be expressed in an organized way. * In April 2006, Nepal witnessed a popular movement which was aimed at regaining popular control over the government from the king. * Bolivia witnessed a people’s struggles against the privatization of water in Bolivia. * Mass scale ... Read more

Chapter 3. Gender Religion and Caste

Gender Division and Politics * Gender is an important factor that causes social differences and inequalities. * The work done by women is not valued and does not get the recognition it deserves. * The literacy rate among women in India is only 54 percent as against 76 percent among men. * An important indication ... Read more