Notes

Rise of the Novel * The wide circulation of printed copies and circulating libraries made the novel a popular genre. * The first novels were written in the 17th century but novel writing blossomed in the 18th century. * The aristocrats, gentlemanly class and the upcoming lower middle class became the first readers of novels ... Read more

The Advent of Print Technology * Hand printed technology was first developed in China, Japan and Korea. * In AD 868, the Japanese printed their first book – Diamond Sutra. * In Japan, Kitagawa Utamaro introduced an interesting art form called Ukiyo. * In the thirteenth century, the hand-printing technology was introduced in Europe via ... Read more

The City of London * After the Industrial revolution, London’s population increased fourfold. * The city gradually underwent urbanisation. * People sought work in the London dockyard, and in other industries. * The growing population of London caused concern for the police, philanthropists and Industrialists, * London faced a severe housing shortage and migrant workers ... Read more

Before the Industrial Revolution * The early industrialization phase was also known as proto industrialization. * In proto industrial times, most workers worked from their homes and not in factories. * The invention of the cloth mill by Richard Arkwright brought about a revolution in cloth production. * Even at the end of the 19th ... Read more

World Trade Pre-modern to 18th Century * The pre-modern world was interlinked with the help of well established trade routes. * Intercultural exchange happened through the exchange of food items as well. * China and India remained important players in world trade till the eighteenth century. * With the rising importance of America, Europe emerged ... Read more

The Nationalist Movement of India – An Introduction * Rise of nationalism in India was linked with opposition of colonialism. * The First World War created a new political and economic situation in India. * The Indian freedom movement geared up momentum once again with the coming of Mahatma Gandhi in 1915. Satyagraha – Satyagraha ... Read more