6.3 ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS :
Answer the following in one sentences :
1. What is manufacturing ?
Ans: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products .
2. Name some factors that influence the location of industry .
Ans: Availability of raw material , labour , capital , power , market etc influence the location of industry .
3. What are agro based industries ?
Ans: Industries based on agricultural raw material are called agro based industries .
4. What has once again opened the opportunity for jute products ?
Ans: The growing global concern for environment friendly biodegradable material .
5. Why is iron and steel industry a heavy industry ?
Ans: Iron and steel industry is heavy industry because all the raw material and finished goods are heavy and bulky requiring heavy transportation costs .
6. Name any two metallurgical industries in India .
Ans: Iron and steel industry and aluminium smelting industry are metallurgical industries in India .
7. What are the uses of sulphuric acid ?
Ans: Sulphuric acid is used to manufacture fertilizers , plastics , paints etc .
8. What are the uses of petrochemicals ?
Ans: Petrochemicals are used for manufacturing synthetic fibers , synthetic rubber , plastics pharmaceuticals etc .
9. Where are the organic chemical plants located ?
Ans: Organic chemical plants are located near oil refineries .
10. Name some industries emitting smoke .
Ans: Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories , refineries and smelting plants .
11. What is thermal pollution ? OR How is thermal pollution caused ?
Ans: Thermal pollution is caused when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling .
12. What causes noise pollution ?
Ans: Industrial and construction activities , machinery , factory , equipment , generators etc . causes noise pollution .
Answer the following questions in two to three sentences :
1. Why is manufacturing sector considered the backbone of economic development ?
Ans:
i) Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture and provides the people jobs .
ii) Industrial development helps eradication of unemployment and poverty .
2. Self-sufficiency alone is not enough in the present day world of globalisation’ Why ?
Ans:
i) Our industry needs to be more efficient and competitive .
ii) Our goods must be at par in quality with those in the international market , then only we will be compete in the international market .
3. Why should we improve our weaving sector instead of exporting yarn in large quantities ?
Ans:
i) Our spinning mills are competitive at the global level , but weaving sector cannot use much of the high quality yarn .
ii) As a result spinners export high quality cotton yarn and earn little .
4. What are the problems faced by the cotton textile industry in India ?
Ans:
i) Power supply is erratic and machinery needs to be upgraded .
ii) Low output of labour and stiff competition with synthetic fibres .
5. Why are the most jute mills located on the banks of Hugli in West Bengal ?
Ans: The factors responsible for the location of jute mills on the banks of river Hugli are :
i) Closeness of the jute producing areas .
ii) Inexpensive water transport supported by a good network of railways , roadways , etc . that help the movement of raw material to the mills .
iii) Abundant water for processing raw jute .
iv) Cheap labour from West Bengal and the adjoining states .
6. What are the objectives of the National Jute Policy formulated in 2005 ?
Ans:
i) Increasing productivity .
ii) Improving quality .
iii) Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers .
iv) Enhancing the yield per hectare .
7. What are the major challenges faced by the sugar industry ?
Ans:
i) The seasonal nature of the industry .
ii) Old and inefficient methods of production .
iii) Transport delay in taking sugar cane to the factories .
8. Why is iron and steel industry called basic industry ?
Ans:
i) All other industries – heavy , medium and light depend on it for their machinery .
ii) Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of construction material , defence , medical etc .
9. What are the problems faced by the iron and steel industry ? OR Why is iron and steel industry not able to perform to its full potential ?
Ans:
i) High costs and limited availability of coal .
ii) Lower productivity of labour .
iii) Irregular supply of energy and poor infrastructure .
10. How can we reduce the environment degradation caused by mining in Goa ?
Ans:
i) Strict rules should be made for transporting the minerals to lesser air pollution .
ii) Care should be taken to see that throwing of mining wastes does not pollute the sources of water .
iii) Growing of trees , plants , etc . should be made compulsory on empty mining sites .