TEXT QUESTIONS :
1. Choose the correct alternative :
1) A high proportion of children in a population is an outcome of _________ .
a) high birth rate
b) high date rate
c) high expectancy of life
d) universal marriages .
2) According to the census of 2001, a literate person is one who _________ .
a) can read and write his/her name .
b) can read and write any language .
c) is seven years old and can understand read and write any language .
d) knows reading , writing and understand arithmetic .
3) The difference between the birth rate and the death rate is called _________ .
a) population explosion
b) survival rate
c) fertility rate
d) mortality rate .
Ans :
1) a) 2) c) 3) a) .
2. Answer the following questions :
1) What is population growth rate ?
Ans: The population growth rate is technically described as the net survival rate measured on the basis of actual difference in the birth rate and death rate .
i) In terms of absolute number that shows increase in population .
ii) In terms of percentage change per year .
Eg. If the average annual growth rate for a period is two percent it implies an increase of two persons for every 100 persons .
2) How does migration determine population change ?
Ans: Migration within the country is the movement of people across different regions. People in the less-developed areas tend to migrate to the more-developed areas in search of employment. Likewise the people from rural area migrate to the industrial area (urban area). In India, most migrations have been from rural to urban area due to push factors like poverty, employment and seasonal migration. There is ‘pull’ factor in the urban area in terms of employment opportunities and better wages, recreation and higher education .
3) State the significant features of India’s population .
Ans: The significant characteristics of India’s population are as follows :
i) China has the largest and India has the second largest population in the world .
ii) India accounts for 2.4% of the world’s land area and 17.5% of its population .
iii) India has a relatively high birth rate and low death rate .
iv) As per the census of 2011, in India, there are 914 females per every 1000 male population .
v) India has literacy rate of 74.04% .
vi) As per the census of 2011, in India, the density of population is 382 persons per sq km .
vii) The life expectancy is 66.8 years in 2011 .
4) Briefly state national population policy of 2000 .
Ans: The Government of India gave priority to check population growth during the era of planning by adopting the family planning programme .
The National population policy framework was :
i) Free and compulsory education up to the age of 14 years .
ii) Reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 .
iii) Universal immunization of children against all (vaccine) preventable diseases .
iv) Promoting delayed marriages .
v) Making family welfare a people-centered programme .
5) State the measures taken to check population growth .
Ans: The following measures have been taken by the government of India to check the population growth :
1. Creating Mass Awareness :
-India has a very large illiterate population who are not aware of the significance of family planning . So the Government of India has used print and electronic media to propagate the programme and create mass awakening .
2. Publicity Campaign :
-The Directorate of Publicity of the Government of India, with the help of the state and local governments undertakes a nation-wide publicity campaign to popularize the family planning programmes .
3. Distribution of the family planning devices :
-The family planning devices such as condoms and pills are distributed at the primary health centres free of cost. The same are available at a subsidized price in the medical stores .
4. Monetary Incentives :
-The Health Department with the local officials and voluntary organizations, organize family planning camps. Monetary incentives are offered to those who undergo sterilisation procedure. The incentives are also offered to the ‘promoters’ who motivate people to come to such camps .
5. A Separate Machinery :
-A full-fledged department of family planning was established in 1964 to coordinate the family planning related activities .
6. Raising Marriageable Age :
-Laws have been enacted to prohibit child marriages. The marriageable age limit has been raised to 18 years for women and 21 years for men .
7. Population Education :
-The subject population education has been included at school and college level to create an awareness among the younger generation regarding the importance of family planning .