Introduction to Manufacturing Industries
* The process of using raw material to produce more valuable goods in large quantities is called manufacturing.
* Manufacturing industries play a crucial role in the overall and especially economic development of the country.
* Agriculture and industry mutually benefits each other.
Location and Classification of Industries
* The ideal location for a factory is a place which has easy and low-cost availability of raw material, capital, land, labour, power, transport and market.
* Manufacturing industries can be classified based on their sources of raw material, role, capital investment, ownership pattern and bulk of supplies like raw material and finished products
* We need to improve the contribution of manufacturing industries to our GDP.
Agro-Based Industries
* Industries that use agriculture produce as raw material are called agro-based industries.
* Activities like spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing and finishing are important stages of production in the textile industry.
* India holds 25 percent share in the world market of cotton yarn, but only 4 percent in cotton garments.
* India is the world’s largest producer of raw jute and second largest exporter of raw jute and jute products.
* India is the largest producers of Gur and Khandsari and the second largest producer of sugar in the world.
Mineral Based Industries
* Manufacturing industries that use minerals as raw material are called mineralbased industries.
* The iron and steel industry is the basic industry on which all other industries depend.
* India is the ninth largest producer of crude steel and the largest producer of sponge iron in the world.
* Aluminium is lightweight, corrosion-resistant metal with excellent malleability and ductility.
* Aluminium is increasingly being used as a substitute for steel, copper, zinc and lead in several industries.
* Bauxite is the chief ore of aluminium.
* India’s chemical industry is the third largest in Asia and the 12th largest in the world. It contributes 3% to our national GDP.
* The main inorganic chemicals produced in India include sulphuric acid, alkalis, soda ash and caustic soda.
* Petrochemicals are the materials derived as by-product of petroleum refining.
* Petrochemicals are used to manufacture synthetic fibre, synthetic rubber, dyes and paints, fertilisers, adhesives and medicinal drugs.
Fertiliser, Cement, Automobile and IT Industries
* There are 57 fertilizer manufacturing units in India that produce several nitrogenous and complex fertilizers.
* India has 140 large cement manufacturing plants and around 300 smaller plants that manufacture cement of different varieties.
* There are 15 manufacturers of passenger cars and multi-utility vehicles, 9 of commercial vehicles and 14 of two-and three-wheelers in India.
* The computer software and hardware industry and the services enabled through computerisation, together form the Information Technology (IT) industry.
* The Government of India and Andhra Pradesh have set up several offices and laboratories in different parts of the state.
Industrial Pollution and Environment Degradation
* Industries cause environmental degradation through air, water, land, and noise pollution.
* Environmental degradation can controlled through suitable measures.
* National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) has demonstrated the conservation of environment and natural resources can happen simultaneously with industrial growth.