Population Change
* Population change refers to the change in the number of people due to birth, death or migration during a specific period of time.
* The rapid growth in population is referred to as population explosion.
* Birth rate is the number of live babies born in a year for every 1000 people in the total population.
* Death rate is the number of people dying per 1000 people.
* Life expectancy is the average age a person can expect to live.
* Natural growth = Birth Rate- Death Rate.
* If birth rate is higher than death rate, there will be a positive natural growth and the population will increase.
* If birth rate is lower than death rate, there will be a negative natural growth and the population will decrease.
* If birth rate and death rate are the same level, then there will be no natural growth.
* Emigration or out- migration refers to the migration of the people out of a country.
* Immigration or in- migration means the migration of the people into a country
* The movement of people from one area to another area or country is called migration.
* The pattern of population growth varies from country to country.
Reproductive Health Strategies
Reproductive health refers to the total well- being of the following aspects of reproduction:
* Physical
* Emotional
* Behavioural
* Social
* India was one of the first countries in the world to initiate actions plans at the national level that aimed at a reproductively.
To build a reproductively healthy society, it is essential to create awareness and counsel people about:
* Reproductive organs
* Adolescence and associated changes
* Hygienic sexual practices
* Sexually transmitted diseases
* AIDS
* The Reproductive and Child Health Care programmes focused on:
* Creating and spreading awareness about various reproduction – related aspects such as contraception and infertility.
* Providing and supporting facilities such as hospitals for maternal care and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.
Population Explosion and Birth Control
* Population explosion can be defined as a situation where the population of a country far outstrips its sustaining capacity.
* Government agencies are encouraging married couples to opt for contraception, which is the intentional prevention method.
Contraceptive methods can be broadly categorised as:
* Natural Methods
* Barrier Methods
* Intra- uterine Devices
* Oral Contraceptives
* Injectables
* Implants
* Surgical Methods
Natural methods are of three types:
* Periodic Abstinence
* Coitus Interrupts
* Lactational Amenoeehea