The Fruit and the Seeds
*Once fertilisation takes place in a flower, the ovary ripens to form the fruit, while the ovules for the speeds.
* A fruit, when formed without fertilisation of the ovary is called a parthencarpic fruit.
* Typically, a fruit is made up two parts – the pericarp and the seeds.
* A seed with two cotyledons is called dicotyledonous, and with a single cotyledon is called monocotyledonus.
* In some seeds, the developing embryo is surrounded by a nutritive tissue called the endosperm, which stores food and helps the embryo grow.
* Seeds with endosperm are called endosperm are called endospermic and those without are called non – endospermic.
Types of Germination
* Germination is a process in which an embryo develops into a young plant.
* Germination in seeds is of two types – epigeal and hypogeal.
* Epigeal germination is the result of the elongation of the hypocotyls, while hypogeal germination occurs due to the elongation of the epicotyls.
* In hypogeal germination, the cotyledons remain underground, while in epigeal germination, the cotyledons are pushed above the soil.
* Hypogeal germination is seen in monocotyledonous plants.
* Epigeal germination is seen in dicotyledonous plants.