Chapter 1. The Harappan Civilisation

New Crafts

* People living in the cities followed various activities like town planning, administration, arts and crafts.
* Scribes had the knowledge of writing and helped in the preparation of seals.
* Crafts persons used different stones and metals to crafts objects like ornaments and stone weights.

Harappan Cities


* Harappan was one of the first cities to develop in the Indian subcontinents.

* Harappa and its sister cities, like Mohenjodaro, Dholavira, Kalibangan and Lothal, formed the Indus Valley Civilisation.
* Bricks walls divided most of the Harappan cities into a citade and a lower town.
* Harappan cities also had several unique structures like the Great bath, granaries, fire altars and water tanks.

Finding raw Materials and Food


* The Harappans used locally available or imported raw materials manufacture
various objects.
* The raw material was packed in bags and packets, and stamped with seal.
* The Harappan used boats, ships and animals carts to carry goods from one place to another.
* Farmers and herders living in the countryside supplied food.

End of the Harappan Cities


* The Harappan believes that several factors were behind the crumbling 3,500
years ago.
* Historians believe that several factors were behind the crumbling of these cities.
* Historians opine that flooding of the Indus could be one of the factors that forced the Harappans to abandon their cities.
* Deforestation, climate change and drying of rivers are other reasons that historian believes might have brought an end to the Harappan cities.

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