Population Size and Distribution
* People are producers and consumers of resources.
* Population is the point of reference from which all other elements are observed.
* A census is an official enumeration of population done periodically.
* The Indian Census is the most comprehensive sources of demographic, social and economic data.
It provides answer to three primary issues:
* Population size and distribution
* Population growth and processes of population change
* Characteristics or qualities of the population
* India’s population as in March 2001 stood at 1,028 million, which is 16.7 percent of the world’s population.
* With a population size of 166 million people, Uttar Pradesh is the most populated state of India.
* Almost half of India’s population lives in the states of Uttar Pradesh,
* Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh.
Population Growth
* Population growth refers to the change in the number of a country’s inhabitants during a specific period of time.
* The absolute increase in population is obtained by subtracting the earlier population from the later population.
* The annual growth rate of population is expresses as a percentage of the population at the start of that period.
Population Change
* People are producers and consumers of resources.
* Population is the point of reference from which all other elements are observed.
* A census is an official enumeration of population done periodically.
* The Indian Census is the most comprehensive sources of demographic, social and economic data.
It provides answer to three primary issues:
* Population size and distribution
* Population growth and processes of population change
* Characteristics or qualities of the population
* India’s population as in March 2001 stood at 1,028 million, which is 16.7 percent of the world’s population.
* With a population size of 166 million people, Uttar Pradesh is the most populated state of India.
* Almost half of India’s population lives in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh.
Population Composition
* The age composition of a population refers to the number of people in different age group in a country.
The population of a nation is grouped into:
* Children (below 15 years) – Economically unproductive
* Working age (15-59 years) – Economically productive and biologically reproductive.
* Aged (above 59 years) – Retired, yet may be Economically productive
* Dependency ratio is the ratio of the dependency population to the working- age population of a country.
* The percentage of children and the age affect the dependency ratio.
* Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population.
* The sex ratio in the country has always remained unfavorable to females.
Occupational Structure and Health
* The distribution of population according to different types of occupation is referred to as the occupational structure.
* Occupations are generally classified as primary, secondary and tertiary.
* In India, about 64 percent of the population is engaged only in agriculture.
* The proportion of population dependent on secondary and tertiary sectors is about 13 and 20 percent, respectively.
* Due to sustained efforts of the government, the death rate has declined to 8.1 per 1000, and the life expectancy at birth has increased to 64.6 years.
* The per capita calorie consumption of India is much below the recommended levels, and malnutrition afflicts a large percentage of the population.
* The Government of India initiated the comprehensive Family Planning Programme in 1952
* The adolescent population constitutes one-fifth of the total population of India.
* The nutrition requirements of adolescents are higher than those of normal child or adult.
* The National Population Policy (2000) laid emphasis on protecting adolescents from unwanted pregnancies and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD).